Generic Programming
for Computer Vision
[VIGRA]
The VIGRA Computer Vision Library
Version 1.7.0
 
 
[ HCI Homepage | What is VIGRA? | Features | Documentation | Download | License ]
 
What's VIGRA?  VIGRA stands for "Vision with Generic Algorithms". It's a novel computer vision library that puts its main emphasize on customizable algorithms and data structures. By using template techniques similar to those in the C++ Standard Template Library, you can easily adapt any VIGRA component to the needs of your application, without thereby giving up execution speed. As of version 1.7.0, VIGRA also provides extensive Python bindings on the basis of the popular numpy framework.

VIGRA was originally designed and implemented by Ullrich Köthe. Meanwhile, many people have contributed to the effort, look at the credits page for details.
 

Documentation: You can look at some example programs. A VIGRA tutorial still waits to be written. The most comprehensive description of VIGRA's design (albeit in German) is U. Köthe's PhD thesis:
Generische Programmierung für die Bildverarbeitung
Two of U. Köthe's articels also describe the main ideas behind VIGRA:
Reusable Software in Computer Vision, in: B. Jähne, H. Haußecker, P. Geißler: "Handbook on Computer Vision and Applications", volume 3, Academic Press, 1999.
STL-Style Generic Programming with Images, in: C++ Report Magazine 12(1), January 2000
Mailing List:
 
Subscribe to the VIGRA Mailing List to get instant information about new releases, discuss VIGRA's features and development, and ask the experts for help.
Download: Current development snapshot as a mercurial repository:
  • hg clone http://www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/~meine/hg/vigra

Official VIGRA version 1.7.0 (April 20, 2010):

  • Sources (for all platforms, to be built with cmake)
  • Windows binaries:
    • includes and libraries for Visual Studio 2008 Express (Visual C++ 9.0), with TIFF, JPEG, and PNG support statically linked into vigraimpex.dll, but HDF5 support disabled
    • vigranumpy Python bindings for Python 2.6 (compiled with Visual Studio 2008 Express)
  • Linux binaries may be provided by your Linux distribution (and are readily created from the source by "make package")
The current version is known to run with gcc 3 and later (UNIX, Linux, cygwin, alpha, including 64-bit compilation), and Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 (Visual Studio 2005) and 9.0 (Visual Studio 2008). VIGRA should run with any compiler that conforms to the C++ standard. Please direct questions and bug reports to the VIGRA Mailing List (you must subscribe before posting) or to ullrich.koethe@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de. Please do also read the installation instructions.

Older versions: vigra 1.6.0, vigra 1.5.0, vigra 1.4.0, vigra 1.3.3, vigra 1.3.2, vigra 1.3.1, vigra 1.3.0, vigra 1.2.0, vigra 1.1.6, vigra 1.1.5, vigra 1.1.4, vigra 1.1.3, vigra 1.1.2, vigra 1.1.1, vigra 1.0
 

License:
 
VIGRA is subject to a license which is identical to the MIT X11 License and thus compatible to the GPL. You may use VIGRA in commercial products.
Related Software:
 
A number of software packages enhance VIGRA's capabilities. You may want to install them as well:
Features:
(Look also at the
changelog page
for the newest additions.)
Images and Multi-dimensional Arrays:
  • templated image data structures for arbitrary pixel types, fixed-size vectors
  • multi-dimensional arrays for arbitrary high dimensions
  • pre-instantiated images with many different scalar and vector valued pixel types (byte, short, int, float, double, complex, RGB, RGBA etc.)
  • 2-dimensional image iterators, multi-dimensional iterators for arbitrary high dimensions, adapters for various image and array subsets
  • input/output of many image file formats: Windows BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, PNM, Sun Raster, TIFF (including 32bit integer, float, and double), Khoros VIFF, HDR (high dynamic range)
  • continuous reconstruction of discrete images using splines: Just create a SplineImageView of the desired order and access interpolated values and derivative at any real-valued coordinate.
Image Processing:
  • STL-style image processing algorithms with functors (e.g. arithmetic and algebraic operations, gamma correction, contrast adaptation, thresholding), arbitrary regions of interest using mask images
  • image resizing using resampling, linear interpolation, spline interpolation etc.
  • geometric transformations: rotation, mirroring, arbitrary affine transformations
  • automated functor creation using expression templates
  • color space conversions: RGB, sRGB, R'G'B', XYZ, L*a*b*, L*u*v*, Y'PbPr, Y'CbCr, Y'IQ, and Y'UV
  • real and complex Fourier transform, cosine and sine transform (via fftw)
  • noise normalization according to Förstner
  • computation of the camera magnitude transfer function (MTF) via the slanted edge technique (ISO standard 12233)
Filters:
  • 2-dimensional and separable convolution, Gaussian filters and their derivatives, Laplacian of Gaussian, sharpening etc.
  • separable convolution for arbitrary dimensional data
  • resampling convolution (input and output image have different size)
  • recursive filters (1st and 2nd order), exponential filters
  • non-linear diffusion (adaptive filters), hourglass filter
  • tensor image processing: structure tensor, boundary tensor, gradient energy tensor, linear and non-linear tensor smoothing, eigenvalue calculation etc.
  • distance transform (Manhattan, Euclidean, Checker Board norms, 2D and 3D)
  • morphological filters and median (2D and 3D)
  • Loy/Zelinsky symmetry transform
  • Gabor filters
Segmentation:
  • edge detectors: Canny, zero crossings, Shen-Castan, boundary tensor
  • corner detectors: corner response function, Beaudet, Rohr and Förstner corner detectors tensor based corner and junction operators
  • region growing: seeded region growing, watershed algorithm
Image Analysis:
  • connected components labeling (2D and 3D)
  • detection of local minima/maxima (including plateaus)
  • tensor-basesd image analysis
  • region statistics
3-dimensional Image Processing and Analysis:
  • point-wise transformations, projections and expansions in arbitrary high dimensions
  • all functors (e.g. regions statistics) readily apply to higher dimensional data as well
  • separable convolution filters, resizing, morphology, and Euclidean distance transform for arbitrary dimensional arrays (not just 3D)
  • connected components labeling, seeded region growing, watershed algorithm for volume data
Machine Learning:
  • random forest classifier
Mathematical Tools:
  • special functions (error function, splines of arbitrary order, integer square root, chi square distribution, elliptic integrals)
  • random number generation
  • rational and fixed point numbers
  • polynomials and polynomial root finding
  • matrix classes, linear algebra, solution of linear systems, eigen system computation, singular value decomposition
  • optimization: linear least squares, ridge regression, L1-constrained least squares (LASSO, non-negative LASSO, least angle regression), quadratic programming
Inter-language support:
  • Python bindings in both directions (use Python arrays in C++, call VIGRA functions from Python)
  • Matlab bindings of some functions

© Ullrich Köthe (ullrich.koethe@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de)
Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, University of Heidelberg, Germany


VIGRA 1.7.0 (April 20, 2010)