@incollection {jaehne2007f,
	title = {The influence of intermittency on air/water gas transfer measurements},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	abstract = {This paper theoretically investigates the influence of intermittency on determining average transfer velocities using different measuring techniques. It is shown that all measuring techniques can significantly be biased by intermittency. Mass balance and eddy correlation measurements are only biased when the concentration difference between the air and the water is spatially or temporally inhomogeneous over the measurement interval. Mean transfer velocities calculated either from mean boundary layer thicknesses or from thermographic techniques, which compute the mean transfer velocity either from concentration differences of from time constants, are biased toward lower values. The effects can be large and a simple stochastic bimodal model is used to estimate the effect.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-36906-6_18},
	author = {Bernd J{\"a}hne and Christopher Popp and Uwe Schimpf and Christoph S. Garbe and Bernd J{\"a}hne},
	editor = {Christoph S. Garbe and Handler, R. A.}
}
@incollection {schimpf2006a,
	title = {Infrared imaging: a novel tool to investigate the influence of surface slicks on air-sea gas transfer},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {239--252},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {The influence of surface films on air-sea gas exchange at low and moderate wind speeds is investigated. Observations were made in the small Heidelberg circular wind-wave facility and in coastal and offshore waters south of Cape Cod, New England. The passive controlled flux technique was used to investigate the micro turbulence very near the water surface, which controls the rate of transfer of momentum, heat, and mass across the air-sea interface. The analysis of infrared image sequences allows the estimation of the net heat flux at the water surface, the skin-bulk temperature difference across the thermal sublayer and thus the heat transfer velocity. Using Schmidt number scaling, estimates of the gas transfer velocity are obtained. Experimental evidence shows that increased surface film concentrations suppress near surface turbulence and thus decrease the gas exchange compared to a slick-free ocean interface. If a surfactant is present, turbulent mixing is dampened and direct renewal of the surface is inhibited. A surface slick changes the hydrodynamic boundary conditions in that the length scales of near surface turbulence controlling air sea gas exchange are modified. The micro-scale temperature fluctuations at the water surface indicate that at low wind speeds the transport process is dominated by large-scale turbulence, whereas at higher wind speeds the smallest observed scales dominate the transport.},
	doi = {10.1007/3-540-33271-5_21},
	author = {Uwe Schimpf and Nelson M. Frew and Bernd J{\"a}hne and Heinrich H{\"u}hnerfuss},
	editor = {Martin Gade and Gerald M. Korenowski}
}
@inbook {schimpf2005,
	title = {Infrared imaging: a novel tool to investigate the influence of surface slicks on air-sea gas transfer},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {239-252},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	chapter = {3},
	doi = {10.1007/3-540-33271-5_21},
	author = {Uwe Schimpf and Nelson M. Frew and Bernd J{\"a}hne and Heinrich H{\"u}hnerfuss},
	editor = {Martin Gade and Gerald M. Korenowski}
}
@article {schimpf2004,
	title = {Investigation of transport processes across the sea surface microlayer by infrared imagery},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {109},
	number = {C8},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {C08S13},
	abstract = {Heat is used as a proxy tracer for gases to study the transport processes across the sea surface microlayer. Infrared imaging techniques permit fast measurements of heat transfer velocities and give an insight into the transport mechanisms across the thermal sublayer. The observed fluctuations of the sea surface temperature suggest that surface renewal is the major turbulent transport mechanism at medium and high wind speeds. The scale space analysis of the temperature patterns at the sea surface with respect to their contribution to the skin-bulk temperature difference shows the turbulent nature of the transport process. Large-scale turbulence dominates the transport at low friction velocities, whereas small-scale turbulence is more dominant at higher wind friction. The skin-bulk temperature difference is estimated by fitting the measured sea surface temperature distribution with a PDF function based on a surface renewal model. Periodic heat flux switching in the wind-wave flume delivers independent estimates of surface and bulk temperature and verifies the statistical approach, whereas at very low wind speeds and film-covered surfaces the statistical method underestimates the skin-bulk temperature difference across the thermal sublayer. The large scatter of the transfer velocities when plotted versus wind speed indicates that not only the wind shear but also other processes such as the wave field and surfactants influences near-surface turbulence and thus air-water gas transfer.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2003JC001803},
	author = {Uwe Schimpf and Christoph S. Garbe and Bernd J{\"a}hne}
}
@conference {schimpf2002a,
	title = {On the investigations of statistical properties of the micro turbulence at the ocean surface},
	booktitle = {Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {51--57},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	doi = {10.1029/GM127p0051},
	author = {Uwe Schimpf and Bernd J{\"a}hne and Horst Hau{\ss}ecker},
	editor = {E. S. Saltzman and M. A. Donelan and R. Wanninkhof and W. M. Drennan}
}
@conference {schimpf2000a,
	title = {On the investigations of micro turbulence at the water surface using infrared imaging},
	booktitle = {IARGSS 2000},
	year = {2000},
	doi = {10.1109/IGARSS.2000.858091},
	author = {Uwe Schimpf and Horst Hau{\ss}ecker and Bernd J{\"a}hne}
}
